1	Reliability, Service and Monitoring Overview for: - Gas Turbine - Centrifugal Compressors - Other Equipment
2	Gas Turbines
3	Causes of Gas Turbine Mechanical Failures
4	Causes of Lost Performance in Gas Turbines axial compressor fouling turbine blade erosion increased tip clearances worn seals fuel nozzle erosion, misalignment excessive inlet filter pressure drop (dirt, ice)
5	Monitoring Performance and Condition of a Gas Turbine
6	Key Operating Parameters ambient pressure, temp speeds, N1 & N2 inlet air filter differential pressure compressor discharge pressure, temp fuel flow (heat rate) exhaust temperatures exhaust pressure inlet guide vane position variable nozzle position power output or torque operating hours overall vibration levels thrust bearing temperature lube oil pressure, temp fuel filter delta pressure comp bearing drain temperature oil header temperature and pressure oil tank temperature filter differential pressure
7	Physical Inspections borescope inspections crack testing bearings fuel nozzles filters (some) compressor blades combustor liners (some) turbine blades
8	Beta’s Gas Turbine Services Condition & performance monitoring Vibration analysis Remote monitoring Reliability program design and support
9	Centrifugal Compressors
10	From Suction to Discharge
11	System Design Considerations (Centrifugal Compressors) pulsation caused by vane passing – can excite transverse pulsation modes and/or piping shell modes flow induced pulsation – elements of piping system can interact pulsation interaction with reciprocating compressors nozzle loads and piping stress due to thermal effects torsional vibration and stress noise and vibration in recycle valves blade vibration efficient piping arrangement for minimal pressure loss
12	Mechanical Degradation and Loss of Performance blade fouling blade damage, fatigue blade erosion wiped bearings seal leaks cracked shaft change in operating conditions gas properties gas pressures, temperature, flow excessive recycle for surge control
13	Monitoring Performance and Condition Basic parameters speed unit flow gas analyses inlet guide vane position inlet pressure, temp discharge pressure, temp operating hours seal pressures vibration recycle flow
14	Monitoring performance
15	Beta’s Centrifugal Compressor Services Condition & performance monitoring Vibration analysis Remote monitoring Reliability program design and support
16	Other Machinery (pumps, motors, gearboxes, fans, turboexpanders)
17	Machinery Types centrifugal pumps plunger pumps motors steam turbines fans & blowers turboexpanders gearboxes
18	Failure Modes each type has its own modes of failure bearings a common source unbalance, misalignment erosion/damage of rotating components mechanical looseness gears have numerous failure modes
19	Common System Design Considerations nozzle loads and piping stress due to thermal effects torsional vibration and stress avoiding shaft lateral critical speeds efficient piping arrangement for minimal pressure loss skid/foundation dynamics pulsation, especially in plunger pumps; can also occur in centrifugal pump systems flow induced pulsation – elements of piping system can interact
20	Operating Parameters rotational speeds process pressures, temperatures, flow rates energy consumption rate settings, fluid characteristics power output or torque operating hours vibration bearing temperatures lube oil press, temp, flow oil consumption filter differential pressure lube oil analysis
21	Beta’s Services Design analysis shaft critical speeds torsional natural frequencies thermal loads and stresses skid/foundation analysis and design Condition & performance monitoring Vibration analysis Remote monitoring Reliability program design and support